Political Process & Urban Youth Development In Niger Delta

At in-dependency in 1960, the Nigerian population wasupliftment. It is also our duty and if we are indifferently
about 50 million. Currently we are an estimate 158disposed to it, we are certainly disregarding our duty
million, meaning that 120 million Nigerians are below thetowards the society and nation. Under such
age of 43 years. If those above 60 years are onlycircumstances, we have no right to initiate peace
about 38 million, it therefore means those between theprocess, because if we cannot find people in
ages of 18- 43 years are the majority. That is aboutourselves, therefore finding peace in others is
110 million. Registered voters are currently 130 millionimpossible.
according to Electoral Commission of Nigeria, clearlyEncourage the youth in nation building is something that
more than half of those eligible to vote are 18 yearsis character oriented, and if our leaders in government
and above. The pertinent question is therefore: wheredespise these salient issues, then it is glaring that they
are the rest of potential voters as out of the 110 millionare profiting from the violence, and the current national
registered voters, only less than 80 million voted inquagmire.
2007?YOUTH AND NATION BUILDING NETWORK
The hard fact cannot be bailed out, as more than 142From the above analogy and largesse, the reason for
million people by the Nigerian law are eligible to vote,CLO, NGOs and government participation in the
excluding the ex-convict and the de-franchised.facilitation towards ending the conflicts in the region
Then the following ethical summations are put downbetween militants and multinational corporations on one
figuratively:o 20 million youth aged 18 and above havehand, Government and Militants/Youths Leaders on the
no Identity cards automatically eliminating them fromother hand, and coalition of the willing to prevent further
the voting process.o A significant number of themcrisis in the region, which houses the leaders and
have no birth certificates therefore they do not exist.orepresentative from Multinational Oil Corporations,
Majority (34.3%) of the youth who have votes areStakeholders in the peace process, the Government,
apathetic to the whole process. They feel their votingcivil liberty organization and the international community
would not make a different.o For the youth that vote,on another end, is to put an end to the violence and
majority (32 million) vote for the wrong reasons suchunder-development in the region. The State and
as: electing leaders from their ethnic groups evenFederal government demonstration of amnesty
though they do not merit, electing those who haveinitiative is a welcome development, and should be
dished out the most money, peer pressure and oftenembraced by all stakeholders in the area in order to
pressure from one's family to vote for particular leadersue for dialogue.
as a block.o A large percentage of the youth watch atThe political independence is essential for the upliftment
the periphery as they are ignorant of the importanceof a nation, but it is not the end. Much is to be achieved
of being in political party specifically in the mainstreamon social and economic fronts. Probably, the political
politics were crucial decisions about a nation areindependence was regarded as the ultimate goal.
made.o Civic education has yet to fully incorporatedTherefore, the contemporary generation of youths
and emphasized that there are youth who are greatwas not given any definite guide-line; with the result
leaders and merit a chance.they had no knowledge of their duties towards the
As for those youth in mainstream politics, they facesociety or the nation. To avoid further deterioration of
the following:o Patronage; where senior partythe situation, it is necessary to guide the youths in right
members do not create spaces for the youth to playdirection, so that they may engage themselves with
crucial roles in the political parties.o Lack of clearthe task of completing the unfinished process of
political party ideology and value system that guidesupliftment of their nation.
the operation of the party and the conduct of itsThe responsibility of preparing the background and
members indiscriminately especially on age andcreating a congenial environment in this respect lies
gender.o Ethnicity where membership of most politicalwith the intellectuals and the leaders of society. But if
parties is dictated by ethnicity stemming from thethe leaders through pride and personal ego fail to
founders of the parties or the individuals that arerealize these facts, then we will continue to embark on
funding it. This has caused chaos, and a lot ofthe enslaved marigold problems.
heartache for youth who find themselves barred fromSeparately, the government, NGOs and CLOs have
progressing or participating in crucial roles. The shift ofbeen trying to mediate and facilitate peace process in
loyalty, distrust, corruption and vertical solidaritythe area through several MDGs projects, sustainable
determines who gets what within the political parties.oinitiative with communities in the region, and to negotiate
Gender discrimination has had a negative impact onwith youth leaders, warlords; who because of lack of
young ladies within the parties whose participation iscooperation and misplaced agenda have been fighting
limited and their contribution unrecognized. The culturethemselves over ethnic, religious and political matters
of violence, mud slinging and character assassinationand not because of the plight of their people (Asakitikpi,
has discouraged many competent young ladies from2007). These are indeed reasons why any form of
fully engaging in politics.o Lack of resources, especiallypeace process in the area has failed, why the
funding political activities and maintaining the requiredAmnesty initiative of the federal government and
mechanisms.genuine stakeholders in the Niger Delta will not work, if
In terms of the employment process, just like thethese leaders through a forum of sincere peace
political process and structure development paradigm,builders in line with government's plans for development
young people have the highest rate of unemploymentdo not come together through consensus.
and in many ways are the most vulnerable to theAsakitikpi went further:
social depredations that are caused by unemployment"The headline which quote Alhaji Dokubo as stating
and poverty. At the same time they are the promisethat 'we must control our resources', suggest the he -
of the future, and failure to invest in the youngDokubo is not fighting for the rights of his people to
generation imposes great constraints on the potentialhave control their resources, but for powerful
for future development. Whether it is investing in theindividuals like himself".
creation of decent work for young people whichGoing by Asakitikpi's analogy, it is to say that while
boosts the economy and lowers the demand forthere are no genuine youth leaders, other than illustrious
social services, or whether it be supporting peer topersonalities like Isaac Adaka Boro, Professor Ake and
peer models of HIV/AIDS education, or supportingtheir likes; the manner in which some of the claimed
youth in creating food security for their community,freedom fighters, Militants (MEND) and co, Youth
research has shown that investing in youth bringsLeaders and their various administrative structures are
about healthier youth and healthier communitiescomposed is not to say beyond measure,
STRATEGY AND MOBILISATION FOR YOUTHunacceptable. Literarily we are all aware of the
DEVELOPMENTbunkering episode that brought some of these leaders
The federal Government and its Amnesty group ofto financial fame, and the criminal activities to convert
trustees, and other stakeholders such as NGOs, CLOfederal and state laws into personal enterprise. One
and other Private donors are a multi-faceted strategymust quickly re-visit the differentiation between
that focuses on recognizing the on-going work oflegitimate leadership structure and a mob operated
youth on the key urban issues of: economicscheme, which at certain time terrorized the inhabitants
development; urban peace and conflict; HIV /AIDs; andof their communities those who stood in their way of
environmental degradation. These four areas that hasjustices and legality. These Militants leaders that
become paramount a leverage to resolving thepreaches irrelevancy of the amnesty package today
unending national and regional conflicts both religiouswere also instrumental to the building of the foundation
and economically motivated, that 73% perpetuated byalong with militarized economic misnomer of the
the Youths. The core of the SC strategy is theantecedent of military regime, the inability of a decent
recognition that youth have the capacity to besociety across the region. Will it not be refuted with
meaningfully engaged in urban developmentregard to the rationality of these leaders' genuine
programmes. The SC through various youthcourse for development in the area, when they were
development initiatives will be a vehicle to mobilizeactors in the vandalization of the moral and economic
resources to support those most marginalized youthgood of their host communities; while circumventing
populations in initiating and sustaining youth ledtheir people and playing the gimmicks with Multinational
programmes.Corporations and shady government officials? In my
Strategy 1Ernest opinion, those leaders that will reject the
Creation of urban based youth resource centres thatamnesty initiative of the Federal government are the
directly support youth led development issues, such asreal terror of the region, and they should face the full
the Youth Development and rehabilitation, a programblow of the law.
set up by various states and local government inThis is indicative of Alhaji Asari Dokubo's recent
Nigeria, especially glaring in the Nigeria Delta, Western,nationwide activities as per the crisis in the region, and
Northern and Eastern geopolitical zones of the country.his docile and incurrent acumen to fully comprehend
The focus of these hubs will be a space for youth tothe dynamics and sincerity as an in-depth mythology
organize youth-led programmes in the area ofof the peace building and Youth development initiative
economic development, prevention of violence, andof the region. The reason for this exercise is, for both
delivery of education and services on HIV /AIDs. Thisthe Federal Government, MNCs, NGOs, CLOs and
strategy is further outlined below.Militants Groups to admittedly compensate the people
Strategy 2of the region of the havoc melted on them, for the
Training youth as peace builders: The World Youthlong years of economic degradation, political
Report 2009 states that a majority of warfare takesmarginalization, economic deprivation, and barricading
place in developing countries, particularly in Africa,terror weighed on them by both Military operations of
where an estimated 200,000 young soldiers betweenthe Federal Government in their drive to eliminate
the ages of 10 and 24 risk their lives in the course ofMilitants, and Guerilla warfare on them by Militants.
armed conflict willed by adults. Even in countries notThrough Nation Building, empowerment of Youths in its
plagued by armed conflict, the youth have often beenentire ramification is likely to lead to human capital
misused in the political arena. While their energy anddevelopment which in turn is expresses to reduce the
enthusiasms are powerful tools in promoting social ortendency towards anti-social behaviours that affects
political issues, they are also vulnerable to being misledsocietal norms, ethics and values. Youth development
and misused, often leading to disruptive results. Youthis not about increase capacity in terms of knowledge
need to be involved in violence prevention strategies,and skill acquisition as pronounced in so many
not just conflict reaction strategies. Youth can take theorganizations' mission statements nowadays, rather it
lead. There is also an implementation strategy throughequally requires that individuals have access to capital
collaboration between Federal government agenciesso that their means of livelihood could be sustained
(MYA) and their subs, local and national youthand realized. A decent society where there is a wide
organizations, NGOs and local authorities focused ongap between the rich and poor creates the condition
creating effective and sustainable models for urbanfor desperation and the undermining of societal values
youth development and employment in Nigeria.as individuals will do anything possible to avert poverty
Plans are now in place to assist in the design of otherby any means. This should be discouraged by creating
regions/states of the country since by virtue of itsa forum for filling these society gaps, such as
implementation in Niger Delta with the followinggovernment's concentration on youth development in
objectives:nation building, as they are the leaders of tomorrow,
Objective of the SC Youth Centres Project:and the workforce of present and very near future.
- To encourage partnerships with relevantPOSITIVE YOUTH DEVELOPMENT
stakeholders in the delivery of youth development;This project conception was initiated, in part, to
- To increase knowledge, skills and attitude change ofdescribe why a "shift in approach" has been
young people;advocated for how we address youth issues in this
- To respond to educational, socio-economic,country. We are going to be focusing on the ways in
recreational, emotional and psychological needs ofwhich differing points of view have converged to form
young people in an integrated way;the field of positive youth development in recent
- To encourage youth to have greater ownership ofNigerian centric polity. With the twenty first century's
development;"discovery" of childhood and adolescence as special
- To offer leadership and mentorship to young people.periods in which children should be given support to
Six Key Areas of Intervention:learn and develop, society assumed an increased
1. Employment and Entrepreneurship: To build capacitysense of responsibility for the care of its young people.
of youth to participate effectively in urban povertyIncreases in juvenile crime and concerns about
reduction through training and by offering employmenttroubled youth led in the 2007 of the commencement
opportunities in self-employment, formal and informalof the Yar 'Adua Administration in the beginning of
sectors.major federal funding initiatives to address these
2. Governance and Advocacy: To enhance youthissues, which is collectively packaged and address in
contribution towards better governance by promotingseveral initiative to booster youth sensitization and
increased youth participation in local governmentNational identity. These trends accelerated during the
matters, particularly those concerning youth2008, as did national rates of poverty, economic
development.degradation, and other bad government policies which
3. Health: To provide services aimed at preventing andindeed has been instrumental to violence; hence
solving reproductive health problems amongst theunfortunate returns to Nation building. In the summary
youth by provision of information, skills training,put forward by (Nicholas Idemudia et al (2006) An
education on reproductive health, counseling andEssay on the Nigerian Political society :)
referral services.Yet again, with the impressive research conducted in
4. Communication and Information: To establishthe early part of 1995 - 1996 by tow foremost
mechanisms to effectively communicate andAmerican scholars and researchers;
disseminate information to youth, youth organizationsChanges in socialization forces that have historically
and other partners involved in youth work.nurtured the development of children - especially in the
5. Environment and Resource Management: Tofamily - necessitate reconceptualization of school and
strengthen youth engagement in the protection andcommunity practices to support the family in its mission
improvement of the environment by promoting theirto raise successful children (Hernandez, 1995, from
participation in environmental justice and governanceWeissberg & Greenberg, 1997: 5).
initiatives.Any Youth Development and Outreach Program
Needs for financial support:should seek to promote the participation and leadership
- Establish satellite resource centres in informalof Nigerian Youths and young people in the
settlementsdevelopment process of nation building. The purpose
- Define and initiate employment creation programmes,wherefore should be to highlight the value that young
micro-credit programmespeople can play in the effort to build a region with
- Enable more health services to be offered freestable democracies, sustainable economies, and
- Build more networks and partnerships both locallyequitable societies. By establishing alliances with the
and internationallypublic and private sectors, non-governmental
- Provide the library with books and informationorganisations (NGOs), and youth, the government and
- Provide computers for office work and internetall stakeholders should emphasize participation and
accessleadership, entrepreneurial development, technology,
- Build employment training programmes including globaland community service to the end of:
mentoring and monitoringEmpowering young people to become involved in their
- Establish a youth trust/small grants programme forpersonal development and that of their communities,
entrepreneurshipand advocating youth development and participation as
This partnership has been constructed in order to learnan integral part of development; mainstreaming youth
from each other best practices regarding how todevelopment and participation throughout the nation's
address the diversity of challenges facing youth todayMinistry of Youths Affairs operations, and promoting
in urban communities, systems to enable them tointer-organisational partnerships to advance youth
make sustainable decisions, and the inter-generationaldevelopment and participation.
transfer of values.Although is difficult to implement at first hand, yet with
THE OBJECTIVE OF YOUTH DEVELOPMENT INsystematic efforts to enforce actualization, the
NATION BUILDINGgovernment through what this research material can
A nation will add a feather to its cap and process ofoffer give attention to issues which will turn out as
its development will continue if its ambitious, agile, virileeffective than any other implementation one may think
and strong youths are guided on the right direction. Thefit for Youth awareness campaign strategy.
youths of a nation are powerful. They are agile andActivities should include:
are inclined to work, but it is usually seen that the(1) YOUTH AND CAPACITY BUILDING: Capacity
youths are unable to yield desired results for want ofbuilding, which involves creating training, initiatives and
proper guidance.projects that develop the managerial, technical,
Consequently, whatever they do neither it givesentrepreneurial, and leadership skills of youth, so that
satisfaction to them nor does it fulfill the needs of thethey might become actors in the development process
nation. Under these circumstances to speak of therather than the subjects of that process. Facilitation of
welfare of Youth in Nation Building, and Human Capitalcommunication among youth in the form of a regional
Development is meaningless; until priority is giving to itsnetwork of more than 13.5 Million youth leaders and
articulate program that will set them in vogue.social entrepreneurs across Nigeria actively engaged in
The fact is that after independence the successivesocio-economic activities who will serve as agents for
generations failed to carve the path of progress ondevelopment in their communities should be a
right lines, simply because of the innocuous poorgovernment at all levels investment planning. In the
articulation of youths in government's actions to makearea of outreach and communications, the creation of
certain future decisions in terms of continuity. Thepublic awareness among the general public,
moral question is, how can a nation be developed if itsgovernment agencies, and the non-profit and private
youths, those who are willing to undertake any kind ofsectors on the contributions and value of youth
work, one would only but imagine how strenuous it willparticipation and development. In addition, the
be, if they are not guided properly?programme should develop communication tools and
It will ultimately result in a chaotic situation like the onepromote the best practices and model programmes of
we are faced with, such as the issues of youthyouth development through conferences, audiovisual
restiveness in the Niger Delta and in other parts ofmaterials, publications, television programming, press
Nigeria and Africa. The society is divided and trappedarticles, a quarterly newsletter, and The Youth
in the cob-web of problems. Self interest has becomeDevelopment and Outreach website such as those of
dominant, corruption is rampant and what alarms usthe National Youth Council of Nigeria and several
most is that the national character is on decline.others.
In order to attend to the problem prevalent with youth(2) INTER-ORGANISATIONAL COLLABORATION:
restiveness and their role in nation building in the region,The creation of strategic alliances with public, private,
there is need for overall human capital development.and non-profit sectors to advocate for effective youth
Because development brings together the productionparticipation as agents for development in that region
and distribution of commodities, and the expansion andthrough information exchange, project collaboration,
use of human capabilities. For youth to lead a long andresource mobilisation, and dissemination of best
healthy life there is need for intellectual andpractices promotion of the importance of
socio-economic enlightenment on their rights, therebyInter-Regional collaboration and inter-agency
creating those articulate acumen to navigate theirpartnerships to better respond to the needs of youth
paths in accessing resources needed for their decentrepresentation of the MYA in the Geopolitical Working
living, and their involvement in Nation Building. This isGroup on Youth Development (GPWGYD)), a
where investing in human resource developmentconsortium of National donor agencies (such as
amongst the timid youths of the Niger Delta, as part ofphilanthropist, Governments, and national NGOs) that
the Federal Government's "Operation Youth for Nationsupports new approaches to positive youth
Building" strategy is imperatively of utmost concern anddevelopment and participation in Niger Delta and Nigeria
urgency. There is no gain saying nevertheless that theas a Nation. Intra-agency mainstreaming, that is, the
productive capacity of youths is wider than all otherdevelopment of internal alliances with other
forms of wealth taken together, which perhaps is thedepartments and MYA parastatal Offices to integrate
centerpiece of this caption.youth development and participation into the Federal
In my earlier paper presented on the lunching of thegovernment through the MYA's mission and project
Edo State's Directorate of Youth Affairs and Socialpipeline, and Policy advocacy and formulation that
mobilization; part of the paper quotes as follows:promotes a supportive policy environment for youth
The problem of youth restiveness is a mirage untildevelopment and participation by engaging in policy
recently when a coalition of civil liberty Organization,formulation initiatives with other partners.
NGOs, Government and other international agenciesYOUTH ACTIVE PARTICIPATION IN NATION
expressed largesse concern over Youth GlobalBUILDING
development as they collectively and genuinely seek toIt is now obvious that the future of Nigeria lies in good
address the ills and disproportionate spur of Youthleadership and those responsible are without dispute
affairs in government and their apartheid in Nationyoung leaders. We all agree that good governance,
Building; such as in the Niger Delta and other parts ofdemocracy, constitutionalism and nation building are
the country, with regard to Militancy, sectarian andheavily shaped by the quality of a country's politics. If
religious violence, Illiteracy, unemployment,the future of Nigeria lies in the youth, how then can
disempowerment etc.space be created in the mainstream politics to realize
Generally speaking, several militants and youth leadersit? Let us take the antecedent of Ghanaian political
might not hold the ace on how the solution to thescene for example.
economic, socio-political and environmental problems ofThe overarching goal of the present Administration's
the Niger Delta region and its timid youth. However ifinitiative is to mobilize and harness the abundant
the region's leaders and representative of variousresources of Nigeria's youth towards improving the
organization are truly sincere in the ongoing peacequality of life in cities and towns with a view to
process, their actions are capable of creating aempower vulnerable urban youth groups for improved
vacuum in the economic mainstream and survival ofsocio-economic inclusion and development.
our federal hegemony - Nigeria. In order to facilitateImperatively, a new dawn has emerged where the
steady and speedy youth capital and humanluxury of comfortably sitting back and complaining as
development; there is need to address the following:a.youth has long gone. Nigeria cannot continue being a
Provision of sufficient mechanism and infrastructure tocontinent of succession without successors, youth
boost youth capital initiative and sustainableleaders are the best alternative. With regard to the
development.b. Initiate programme for youth interactiveresearches conducted over time, both in Nigeria, United
sessions and intellectual model in the discussion ofStates, Europe, Asia, The Caribbean and South
issues such as youth restiveness, the society andAmerica, some of the forward include:o Legal backing
economic development of youths in nation building, anthrough Political Party Bills, a strong National Youth
agenda that reflects on the youth.c. Discussing andPolicy and lobbying for Affirmative Action Bills for the
articulating programs to quell corruption, politicalyouth (The MYA has through the Federal initiative
irresponsibility among political representative, andcalculated efforts to make this possible amidst its
inefficiency within government systems and weakNational Agenda).o Strategies on resource mobilization
social safety.d. Solution to uplifting the meager statusto support potential youth election candidates, civic
of the youths in issues such as hunger, illiteracy,education with a special focus on the critical role of
unemployment and economic disempowerment shouldyouth, networking and coordination of youth activities
be resolved, and programs should be set up at variousto form a platform where we speak in one voice and
quarters to attend to these problems.push our agenda, working with media for the benefit of
With the above paradigm, different strategic indicatorsyouth and building their capacity as leaders who work
should be put in place to assume its full mandates ofwith and for the people they represent and thus, the
youth capital development by ending restiveness,community at the grassroots. Encourage youth to join
militancy, violence and all forms of crisis in the Nigersound political parties.o Youth have to develop good
Delta region, both internally motivated, nationally alleged,leadership skills and learn from others. Practice
or some sort of 'International Oil Conspiracy'. Although itleadership that enables positive transformation in our
is also pertinent to remark that at the root cause andcountries.o Focus and scope of leadership should not
effect of youth conflict in the Niger delta andbe limited to politics and national level; it should
elsewhere in Nigeria is due to the high incidence oftranscend boundaries into regional and international
state failures over time to address certain economic,levels. We should be able to have competent youth
political and sociological issues affecting and reflectingrepresentatives in such bodies. It is imperative to adapt
albeit Youth Development. National leaders instead ofuniversally accepted value systems, broaden our
focusing more on the federal process that bringsknowledge by exposing ourselves to what youth
about equitable development across the nation. Theleaders and leaders from other age-groups and
National Leaders are over indulging in parapheliacountries are engaged in, learn and adapt what works
Federal structure which is suppresses the concept ofbest.
peace building, and reneging Youth development inIn order to implement the youth initiative both nationally
Nation Building.and locally, all the stakeholders in youth awareness
The inability of the Niger Delta states to meet itsand mobilisation should kick-off with their own style of
primary social obligation notably youth and othercampaign coupled with statutory funding; where
socio-economic development provision andagenda are specified and accessed by a committee.
maintenance of internal order as well as itsA key focus of these partnerships will be to take the
unconcealed order for misrule, epitomize a total failurelocal initiatives of youth nationally as expression by the
of national leadership process and structure within andMission statement of the National Youth Council of
without.Nigeria (NYCN) and the National Youth Initiative Forum
Even though the youths of Niger Delta is wholly or(NYIF), and this is to ensure it bring them all, collectively
partly marginalized and displaced, the historical pivotalto a level in which they can be shared with other
causes of youth restiveness, which comprises of 96%youth, researchers and policy makers. This effort is
youth force in Niger Delta region is nonetheless causedunique in its approach in that it starts from the belief
by the antecedent of greed, political ambition andthat youth are agents of change within their
individualized cause. This of course is an emphasis oncommunities. Most development programmes see
the disunity that has rocked the region's leaders, andyouth as being the problem, on whom development
basically for the lack of various establishedprogrammes can fix. They treat youth as passive
organization's commitment in the region's politics, as thereceptors, unable to act, and needing to be acted upon.
leaders are not accountable and transparent; or simply,This in recent time have been refuted, gnashed at and
militant groups finds it difficult to focus on a commonfought with the last youth blow ever known. It is
goal, vision and ideology of the region's long nationalunacceptable, and any political process that
and economic deprivation over time, that makes theencourages such a misconception and
crisis seem even more complex, tactical andmisrepresentation of the ideology of the youth as the
dangerous.fountain of nation building is doomed to fail, and
Let us give a helping hand to the young generation,research indicates that such a process will continue to
uplift their morale to enable them to revive the nationalfail.
character and to carry on the process of national